Proposition 13: California's property tax rulebook
Passed in 1978, Prop 13 caps California property tax at roughly 1.1% of purchase price, with annual assessment increases limited to 2% per year. The practical effect: someone who bought a Bay Area house in 1985 for $200,000 pays about $3,800/year in tax, while their neighbor who bought the identical house in 2024 for $2.5 million pays about $30,000/year.
What the 1.1% rate includes
The 1% statutory rate + local bond measures (schools, parks, water) that voters approve. Combined effective rates:
- Statutory base: 1.00% of assessed value
- Voter-approved local bonds: Typically 0.1โ0.3%
- Mello-Roos districts (newer developments): Adds 0.1โ0.5% often
When reassessment happens
- Sale of property: New buyer = new base at purchase price
- New construction: Additions increase assessed value by cost of construction
- Death of owner: Heir-transferred properties USED to inherit the tax base, but Prop 19 (2020) changed this significantly โ now only primary residences to children/grandchildren retain the low base, and only up to $1M of value
Prop 19 (2020) โ the parent-child transfer change
Before 2021, you could inherit mom's Beverly Hills house with her 1972 tax base and save $20k/year. Prop 19 limits this:
- The property must be your primary residence within 1 year
- Only first $1M above the original base is excluded from reassessment
- Non-primary transfers = full reassessment at market value
Biggest change to CA property tax in 40+ years. Estate planning for CA real estate now requires professional guidance.
How to appeal
You can appeal your assessment if you believe market value has DECREASED below your assessed value (relevant after market downturns). Process:
- File Assessment Appeal Application with your county Assessment Appeals Board
- Deadline is September 15 (some counties November 30) โ check yours
- Bring recent comps and any decline-in-value evidence
Note: you CANNOT appeal for the standard 2% annual Prop 13 increase โ only if market has dropped below your assessed value.